and reproduction, immunity decrease and the related increased
sensitivity on the cumulative effects of other pollutants,
hypersensitivity to noise or adaptation to the increased
noise and staying behind the area where its effects
are extremely harmful, etc.).
Changes in behaviour and deviations from the normal
routine can be temporary or permanent, and can be
identified through the example of frightening and straying
away from usual habitat in which cases organisms are exposed
to new groups of predators or to reduced food supply.
However, changes in behaviour depend not only on the
species but also on a variety of other conditions such as:
environmental factors in the transmission of sound, location
and source of the sound, individual sensitivity and
tolerance, activities of individuals or groups at the time of
receiving the sound (e.g., a particularly vulnerable group
consists of mothers with their cubs).
However, apart from the direct effects, there are also
indirect effects such as: reduced food availability outside
normal habitat, increased exposure to predators or other
risks (e.g. stranding or collision with other objects in the
sea such as fishing gear or vessels), inability to timely surfacing
(e.g. marine mammals during immersion have sufficient
stock of air to re-emerge, but in the case of exposure
to noise at greater depths and sudden change of direction
as a result of escaping away from its source it may happen
that they run out of stock) or rapid ascent without the possibility
of pressure compensation which can cause severe
damage to the organism and even mortality.
and reproduction, immunity decrease and the related increasedsensitivity on the cumulative effects of other pollutants,hypersensitivity to noise or adaptation to the increasednoise and staying behind the area where its effectsare extremely harmful, etc.).Changes in behaviour and deviations from the normalroutine can be temporary or permanent, and can beidentified through the example of frightening and strayingaway from usual habitat in which cases organisms are exposedto new groups of predators or to reduced food supply.However, changes in behaviour depend not only on thespecies but also on a variety of other conditions such as:environmental factors in the transmission of sound, locationand source of the sound, individual sensitivity andtolerance, activities of individuals or groups at the time ofreceiving the sound (e.g., a particularly vulnerable groupconsists of mothers with their cubs).However, apart from the direct effects, there are alsoindirect effects such as: reduced food availability outsidenormal habitat, increased exposure to predators or otherrisks (e.g. stranding or collision with other objects in thesea such as fishing gear or vessels), inability to timely surfacing(e.g. marine mammals during immersion have sufficientstock of air to re-emerge, but in the case of exposureto noise at greater depths and sudden change of directionas a result of escaping away from its source it may happenthat they run out of stock) or rapid ascent without the possibilityof pressure compensation which can cause severedamage to the organism and even mortality.
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