Therefore (0.30; while 0.50 were used as the
expected frequency of disease in the group unexposed to higher education. These
estimates of prevalence were based upon previous studies that investigated PPTL and
levels of education in the state of California (Barker et al., 2009). The researcher was
confident in the power because the sample size was larger than required via sample size
calculations. An oversized sample size of 268, would reduce the likelihood of β error by
50%.