Campylobacter (meaning "curved bacteria") is a genus of Gram-negative, microaerophilic, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacteria.[1] Campylobacter species are typically spiral-shaped and motile via unipolar or bipolar flagella.[1] Most Campylobacter species are pathogenic and can infect humans and other animals. At least a dozen species of Campylobacter have been implicated in human disease, with C. jejuni and C. coli the most common.[2] C. jejuni is now recognized as one of the main causes of bacterial foodborne disease in many developed countries.[2][3] C. fetus is a cause of spontaneous abortions in cattle and sheep, as well as an opportunistic pathogen in humans.