Nutrition – your diet has direct effect on growth development i.e. lack of mineral intake such as calcium and phosphorus.
Exposure to sunlight – there are cells within your skin that convert UV light into vitamin D, which is a vitamin vital for absorption of calcium in the small intestine.
Hormonal secretions – hormonal balance (Testosterone/Oestrogen) is important in effective bone growth and maintenance. During menopause a reduction in Oestrogen will effect bone growth which can make bones more susceptible to fractures.
Physical activity – bone strength and density develops according to the stresses that it is placed under i.e. weight bearing exercise.