Equation (1) shows that the concentration of free ammonia
is highly dependent on pH and temperature of the culture
medium. At the same temperature and TA concentration,
there are more NH3 at higher pH. To investigate the inbitory
effects of different ammonia species, ammonium chloride
concentrations of 1570 g N m3 and 3140 g N m3, and initial
pH values of 7.5 and 8.5 were used, respectively. The
concentration of NH3 and NH4
þ was shown in the legend of
Fig. 3. Potassium acetate (33 kg m3) and glucose (20 kg m3)
were used as the carbon substrates, respectively.