if a culture considers the individual
as autonomous, the decisions for treatment are more likely to be made by the individual. In
those cultures that consider the self as heteronomous, an ill individual’s treatment may be
delayed as persons within their social network discuss treatment options (Janzen, 1978). Yet,
even in cultures that stress autonomy, the individual may consult social networks for illness
advice. Social networks can provide an impetus for health care utilization but may also press an
individual to abstain from accessing health services.