Date are mean ± SD or n (%).
CSE = combined spinal-epidural; CI = confidence interval; VRPS = verbal rating pain scale (0 = no pain; 10 = most pain possible; complete analgesia is
defined as a VRPS score of 0 or 1); CD = cesarean delivery; PCEA = patient-controlled epidural analgesia.
a All other scheduled hourly pain scores did not differ between groups (Table 4).
b Total PCEA volume divided by total hours of analgesia. For the epidural group, sample sizes for VRPS score in the 2 stages are 360 and 316, respectively; for
the CSE group, sample sizes are 375 and 320.