III. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF DSM IN UNIVERSITIES
Future electricity network will increasingly rely upon a set of
intelligent communication and control technologies [3]. Most
of the existing demand-side management programs in the
developed countries focus primarily on the interactions
between a utility company and its customers/users. With the
type of BMS installation discussed in the previous section, it
is possible to minimize the wastage and thus reduce the energy
consumption and the electricity bill without affecting the
comfort of the students and faculty members in the campus.
Once the BMS is implemented in all the buildings in the
campus, it may be interfaced with the utility power network
through the advanced metering infrastructure as shown in
Fig.4. The energy management gateway in the figure ensures a
secure connection of the campus building loads such as
AHUs, lifts, lights etc. with the utility network through the
server nodes and the campus area network. The server nodes
collects information about the status of the AHUs, lifts,
pumps, lights and other electrical equipment through the
sensors and the microcontrollers. The campus area network
(CAN) carry data received from the sensors through the server
nodes to the energy management unit (EMU) and carry control
communications from EMU to the various load points. CAN
also carry control commands from the utility to the consumers
registered in the gateway. Electricity companies may take
initiative for the implementation of such a setup in various
campuses by the introduction of incentives and attractive
dynamic pricing strategies, which can further encourage them
to actively participate in the demand side management and
energy efficiency improvement programs [4]. Once the
consumers are started getting information about their energy
consumption on a real time basis, they can adjust the period
and quantity of electricity use based on the dynamic pricing at
that instant. Direct control of specific loads such as HVAC can
also be performed in case of emergencies [5]. The two way
communication channel thus ensures increased participation of
a university campus in the DSM strategies of the utility.
In the years to come, autonomous and distributed demand-side
energy management systems [6] would be utilized by the
consumers that take advantage of the two-way digital
communication infrastructure which is envisioned in the future
smart grid. It will become feasible to communicate frequent
price updates to follow the evolution of the balance between
supply and demand in near real-time. Also, this technological
transition bears the possibility of automating the load-shifting
process, with intelligent appliances switching themselves on
or off in an attempt to reconcile user preferences and targets
with advertised electricity prices. Integration of low-cost
wireless energy management systems, real-time meter data
monitoring, flexible Auto DR load control and aggregation
management would make this feasible in the future DSM
programs [7]. DSM programs for the future smart grid will not
only be efficient and fair, but also expected to be more secure
against potential cyber attacks.
III. FUTURE POSSIBILITIES OF DSM IN UNIVERSITIES
Future electricity network will increasingly rely upon a set of
intelligent communication and control technologies [3]. Most
of the existing demand-side management programs in the
developed countries focus primarily on the interactions
between a utility company and its customers/users. With the
type of BMS installation discussed in the previous section, it
is possible to minimize the wastage and thus reduce the energy
consumption and the electricity bill without affecting the
comfort of the students and faculty members in the campus.
Once the BMS is implemented in all the buildings in the
campus, it may be interfaced with the utility power network
through the advanced metering infrastructure as shown in
Fig.4. The energy management gateway in the figure ensures a
secure connection of the campus building loads such as
AHUs, lifts, lights etc. with the utility network through the
server nodes and the campus area network. The server nodes
collects information about the status of the AHUs, lifts,
pumps, lights and other electrical equipment through the
sensors and the microcontrollers. The campus area network
(CAN) carry data received from the sensors through the server
nodes to the energy management unit (EMU) and carry control
communications from EMU to the various load points. CAN
also carry control commands from the utility to the consumers
registered in the gateway. Electricity companies may take
initiative for the implementation of such a setup in various
campuses by the introduction of incentives and attractive
dynamic pricing strategies, which can further encourage them
to actively participate in the demand side management and
energy efficiency improvement programs [4]. Once the
consumers are started getting information about their energy
consumption on a real time basis, they can adjust the period
and quantity of electricity use based on the dynamic pricing at
that instant. Direct control of specific loads such as HVAC can
also be performed in case of emergencies [5]. The two way
communication channel thus ensures increased participation of
a university campus in the DSM strategies of the utility.
In the years to come, autonomous and distributed demand-side
energy management systems [6] would be utilized by the
consumers that take advantage of the two-way digital
communication infrastructure which is envisioned in the future
smart grid. It will become feasible to communicate frequent
price updates to follow the evolution of the balance between
supply and demand in near real-time. Also, this technological
transition bears the possibility of automating the load-shifting
process, with intelligent appliances switching themselves on
or off in an attempt to reconcile user preferences and targets
with advertised electricity prices. Integration of low-cost
wireless energy management systems, real-time meter data
monitoring, flexible Auto DR load control and aggregation
management would make this feasible in the future DSM
programs [7]. DSM programs for the future smart grid will not
only be efficient and fair, but also expected to be more secure
against potential cyber attacks.
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