The list of microorganisms with a history of use in food originally
included 31 genera in the 2002 IDF inventory, and was essentially
limited to the microbial use in dairy matrices.
By also
considering other food matrices, we consider 62 genera in the
2011 update.
One was rejected as its usage in food has not been
documented and the initial reference in the 2002 IDF inventory
was inadequate. The evolution in taxonomy, the extension of varied
usages in other matrices, yeast fermentations and fungal
foods have also resulted in a growing number of species; from
113 to 264 species with demonstration of food usage. There are
many new possibilities, however, and these should be explored
to a much greater extent.
Either in traditional fermented foods or as new opportunities, the
rationalized use of microorganisms in our diet opens new perspectives.
In recent years, microorganisms have been used in fields other
than the traditional food industry: Lactococcus spp. is used for its potential
role in vaccination, and microorganisms are also used for the
specific production of biogenic compounds. As we did not consider
fermentation in liquid tailor-made media, species used in an industrial
microbiology process were not considered if no reference to food
usage could be provided.
Microbiological research mostly focuses on the pathogenic potential
of microorganisms, while neglecting their positive role. Recent
scientific advances have revealed the preponderant role of our own
microbiota, our “other genome”, from the skin, gut, and other mucosa.
Though this remains undoubtedly promising, one should not forget
that man has not yet finished characterizing traditional fermented
foods consumed for centuries, with often numerous isolates belonging
to species with undefined roles
The list of microorganisms with a history of use in food originally
included 31 genera in the 2002 IDF inventory, and was essentially
limited to the microbial use in dairy matrices.
By also
considering other food matrices, we consider 62 genera in the
2011 update.
One was rejected as its usage in food has not been
documented and the initial reference in the 2002 IDF inventory
was inadequate. The evolution in taxonomy, the extension of varied
usages in other matrices, yeast fermentations and fungal
foods have also resulted in a growing number of species; from
113 to 264 species with demonstration of food usage. There are
many new possibilities, however, and these should be explored
to a much greater extent.
Either in traditional fermented foods or as new opportunities, the
rationalized use of microorganisms in our diet opens new perspectives.
In recent years, microorganisms have been used in fields other
than the traditional food industry: Lactococcus spp. is used for its potential
role in vaccination, and microorganisms are also used for the
specific production of biogenic compounds. As we did not consider
fermentation in liquid tailor-made media, species used in an industrial
microbiology process were not considered if no reference to food
usage could be provided.
Microbiological research mostly focuses on the pathogenic potential
of microorganisms, while neglecting their positive role. Recent
scientific advances have revealed the preponderant role of our own
microbiota, our “other genome”, from the skin, gut, and other mucosa.
Though this remains undoubtedly promising, one should not forget
that man has not yet finished characterizing traditional fermented
foods consumed for centuries, with often numerous isolates belonging
to species with undefined roles
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