However, Bigman and Fofack (2000) has noted that generally, research has shown this to be
an unlikely outcome in most cases. Rarely does income from tourism reach poorer sectors
of the community. Leakage of tourism income occurs to international investors and tourism
businesses or to domestic investors and businesses operating in capital centres distant from
tourism areas (Carbone, 2005; Stoeckl, 2007). Also, income from tourism retained in the