2.1 Efficient Monitoring Power of External Shareholders
Pound (1998) focused on the correlation between corporate management performance and institutional investors,and raised three hypothesis. According to the efficient monitoring hypothesis, institutional investors have more abundant capital than do small shareholders, they own professionalism and a magnificent scale as support, and they can monitor managers with lower cost. According to the conflict-of-interest hypothesis, agency problem highly likely exist among institutional investors. When investment target companies obstruct the profit-making of institutional investors, investors fight the companies with their votes and vote for corporate administrators who meet their benefits, in which monitoring is limited by the function of corporate administrators in the invested companies. Hence, this paper is based on the efficient-monitoring hypothesis (Pound,1988), which infers that external institutional investors own professionalism and motivation to monitor the investment target company.