Previous findings from meta-analyses of these 5 birth cohorts suggested that small size at birth and at 2 years of age (particularly height) were associated with reduced human capital: shorter adult height, less schooling, reduced economic productivity and – for women – lower offspring birth weight [4]. On the other hand, larger child size at 24 months of age and rapid weight gain after infancy were risk factors for high glucose concentrations, blood pressure and harmful lipid levels. A more recent analysis suggests that larger birth weight and faster linear growth from 0 to 2 years lead to large gains in human capital, but has little association with adult cardiovascular risk factors [5].