Teachers across the US and the UK ask students to memorize multiplication facts, and sometimes addition
and subtraction facts too, usually because curriculum standards have specified that students need to
be “fluent with numbers”. Parish, drawing from Fosnot and Dolk (2001) defines fluency as ‘knowing how
a number can be composed and decomposed and using that information to be flexible and efficient with
solving problems.’ (Parish 2014, p 159). Whether or not we believe that fluency requires more than the recall
of math facts, research evidence points in one direction: The best way to develop fluency with numbers
is to develop number sense and to work with numbers in different ways, not to blindly memorize without
number sense.
Teachers across the US and the UK ask students to memorize multiplication facts, and sometimes additionand subtraction facts too, usually because curriculum standards have specified that students need tobe “fluent with numbers”. Parish, drawing from Fosnot and Dolk (2001) defines fluency as ‘knowing howa number can be composed and decomposed and using that information to be flexible and efficient withsolving problems.’ (Parish 2014, p 159). Whether or not we believe that fluency requires more than the recallof math facts, research evidence points in one direction: The best way to develop fluency with numbersis to develop number sense and to work with numbers in different ways, not to blindly memorize withoutnumber sense.
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