Kingpin and Scrub Radius
The Kingpin axis is determined by the upper ball joints, UBJ, and lower ball joints, LBJ,
on the outer end of the A-arms. This axis is not necessary centred on the tire contact
patch. In front view the angle is called Kingpin inclination and the distance from the
centre of the tire print to the axle centre is called Scrub or Scrub radius. The distance
from the kingpin axis to the wheel centre plane measured horizontally at axle height is
called Spindle length. Figure 2.2 shows the kingpin geometry. There are numerous of
effects due to the values of these factors, the effects considered to in this work are found
in