biogas and fibre (Larrauri et al., 1997). Moreover, the waste can also be a potential source for vinegar production because the sugar found in its fibres is the chief raw material for fermentation (Roda et al., 2014). However, the high lignocellulose content of pineapple, mainly comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses, forms strong barriers to saccharification enzymes and microorganisms and prevents easy access to the sugars, a phenomenon known as biomass recalcitrance (Sun et al., 2014).