Next, this study identifies the deviations from expected by simply subtracting the expected from the actual proportion of responses. The deviations are shown in Table 5. Conversely, this method clearly reveals where a brand scores lower and higher than expected value, which is the major advantage over correspondence analysis in perceptual map. The deviations reveal significant information: (1) the positioning of each brand color and (2) which attributes are owned by particular brand colors and to what extent.