category labeled other included uses such highways, oil and gas drilling, and landfills and totaled 13 percent.
Relation between water quality and land use.
The watersheds surveyed were analyzed for the relation between land use and specific water quality concerns. Water utilities were asked to complete matrix, identifying land use activities management problems that were of concern in their watersheds and the corresponding water quality variables of concern. The results of the compilation are presented in Table 1
The most frequently cited concerns water utilities were nutrient loading and pesticide runoff (50 percent). Other major concerns were bacteriological (47 percent ) and viral contamination (32 per cent) associated with septic tanks and sewage discharge, turbidity effects from agricultural cropland runoff (44 percen and bacteriological contamination from recreational land uses (31 percent)
Effectiveness of watershed controls.
The questionnaire presented a list oftypical control measures used to protectthe quality of surface water supplies asked water managers to rate the control measures' applicability and effectiveness relative to their systems, Effectiveness was rated using a numerical scale ranging from 1 (not effective ) to 5 (highly effective), Table 2 shows the ranking atershed controls along with the centage of systems reporting use of controls. The most effective watershed control measures, according to water ship in the watershed and restricting use reservoirs. More than half of the systems (53 percent) used reservoir restrictions, but only about one fourth of the watersheds were partly or entirely owned by water utilities. Of the latter category, the median percentage of the basinarea owned by water utilities is only percent.
The remaining three of the top five watershed control measures were use watershed entry restrictions reservoir buffer strips, and point-source discharge permits. These methods were also used comparable percentage of the systems