To make this structure work for you, focus on the following elements, in more or less the following order:
• Cover
• Table of contents
• Index: scan this to see which are the most important terms
• Bibliography: tells you about the book’s sources and intellectual context
• Preface and/or Introduction and/or Abstract
• Conclusion
• Pictures, graphs, tables, figures: images contain more information than text
• Section headings: help you understand the book’s structure
• Special type or formatting: boldface, italics, numbered items, lists
7) Use PTML (personal text markup language)
Mark up your reading. Underlining and making notes in the margins is a very important part of active reading. Do this from the very beginning — even on your first, overview reading. When you come back to the book later, your marks reduce the amount you have to look at and help you see what’s most significant.
Don’t mark too much. This defeats the purpose of markup; when you consult your notes later, it will force you to re-read unimportant information. As a rule, you should average no more than two or three short marks per page. Rather than underline whole sentences, underline words or short phrases that capture what you most need to remember. The whole point of this exercise is to distill, reduce, eliminate the unnecessary. Write words and phrases in the margins that tell you what paragraphs or sections are about. Use your own words.
8) Page vs. screen
Printed material has far higher resolution (~600 dpi) than even the best computer screens (~72 dpi). For this reason you will read more accurately, and with less fatigue, if you stick with the paper version. Still, the advantages of portability and high-volume storage mean that we inevitably read much more screen-based material now.
Using PTML on the screen: It is still quite difficult to mark up screen-based materials
effectively; the extra steps involved are often distracting, as is the temptation to interrupt reading to check email or web-surf. However, if you’re disciplined, the most recent versions of Adobe Acrobat, and a few shareware PDF handlers such as PDFpen, allow you to add comments and highlighting to PDFs. If you don’t want to resort to printing everything, I suggest investing in the (expensive) Acrobat software.
Note-taking on the screen: A major pitfall of screen-based reading is that because you can easily cut and paste the original text, you will be tempted to do this in lieu of making your own notes. Cut-and-paste can sometimes be helpful, especially for things you might want to quote later. However, in general it defeats the two main purposes of note-taking: (a) learning and remembering (by rephrasing in your own terms), and (b) condensing into a very short form. The same is true of hyperlinks: though useful for keeping track of sources, linking to an item by itself will not help you remember or understand it, even though it may feel that way.
To make this structure work for you, focus on the following elements, in more or less the following order: • Cover• Table of contents• Index: scan this to see which are the most important terms• Bibliography: tells you about the book’s sources and intellectual context• Preface and/or Introduction and/or Abstract• Conclusion• Pictures, graphs, tables, figures: images contain more information than text• Section headings: help you understand the book’s structure• Special type or formatting: boldface, italics, numbered items, lists 7) Use PTML (personal text markup language) Mark up your reading. Underlining and making notes in the margins is a very important part of active reading. Do this from the very beginning — even on your first, overview reading. When you come back to the book later, your marks reduce the amount you have to look at and help you see what’s most significant. Don’t mark too much. This defeats the purpose of markup; when you consult your notes later, it will force you to re-read unimportant information. As a rule, you should average no more than two or three short marks per page. Rather than underline whole sentences, underline words or short phrases that capture what you most need to remember. The whole point of this exercise is to distill, reduce, eliminate the unnecessary. Write words and phrases in the margins that tell you what paragraphs or sections are about. Use your own words. 8) Page vs. screen Printed material has far higher resolution (~600 dpi) than even the best computer screens (~72 dpi). For this reason you will read more accurately, and with less fatigue, if you stick with the paper version. Still, the advantages of portability and high-volume storage mean that we inevitably read much more screen-based material now. Using PTML on the screen: It is still quite difficult to mark up screen-based materialseffectively; the extra steps involved are often distracting, as is the temptation to interrupt reading to check email or web-surf. However, if you’re disciplined, the most recent versions of Adobe Acrobat, and a few shareware PDF handlers such as PDFpen, allow you to add comments and highlighting to PDFs. If you don’t want to resort to printing everything, I suggest investing in the (expensive) Acrobat software. Note-taking on the screen: A major pitfall of screen-based reading is that because you can easily cut and paste the original text, you will be tempted to do this in lieu of making your own notes. Cut-and-paste can sometimes be helpful, especially for things you might want to quote later. However, in general it defeats the two main purposes of note-taking: (a) learning and remembering (by rephrasing in your own terms), and (b) condensing into a very short form. The same is true of hyperlinks: though useful for keeping track of sources, linking to an item by itself will not help you remember or understand it, even though it may feel that way.
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