Table 4. Results of Regression Analysis of Fathers' Depression
Model/Predictor
1
2
3
4
Father age
Father age
DBCa
total score
Father age
DBC total score
Self-efficacy
Father age
DBC total score
Self-efficacy
DBC x Self-efficacy
P
-.53*
-.49*
.17
-.50*
.17
-.47*
-.53*
.13
-.49*
-.10
Model R
.53
.55
.73
.73
F . R2
change F
6.91*
3.76* .03 .71
6.04** .23 7.66*
4.39* .01 .27
aDevelopmental Behavior Checklist.
*p < .05. ** p > < .01.
bles 2 and 3. The independent significant prediction
of anxiety and depression scores by the
child's total Developmental Behavior Checklist
score became nonsignificant when mothers' selfefficacy
ratings were added to the regression equation.
Furthermore, mothers' self-efficacy ratings
made a significant independent contribution to
the prediction of Hospital Anxiety and Depression
Scale scores within these regression models.
There was no evidence for the mediational role of
self-efficacy in the analyses of fathers' anxiety and
depression (Tables 4 and 5).
Within the analyses of mothers' anxiety and
depression, there was no evidence for the role of
self-efficacy as a moderator variable. The interaction
term between Developmental Behavior
Checklist scores and self-efficacy ratings did not
make a significant contribution to the prediction
of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale scores
after accounting for the main effects of these variables.
However, although there was similarly no
evidence for a moderating role of self-efficacy in
the analysis of fathers' depression, there was evidence
that self-efficacy moderated the effect of
child behavior problems on fathers' anxiety. Specifically,
the interaction term in Table 5 was significant
at Step 4 of the hierarchical regression
and accounted for a significant change in R2
.
In order to explore the nature of this interaction
effect, we derived a data plot based on the
guidelines developed by Aiken and West (1991).
Figure 1 shows predicted values (i.e., derived from
the regression equation) for fathers' anxiety scores
at low (one SD below the mean) and high (one
SD above the mean) values of their child's total
Developmental Behavior Checklist score for each
Table 5. Results of Regression Analysis of Fathers' Anxiety
Model/Predictor
1
2
3
4
Father age
Father age
DBCa
total score
Father age
DBC total score
Self-efficacy
Father age
DBC total score
Self-efficacy
DBC x Self-efficacy
B
-.54*
-.50*
.20
-.51*
.19
-.45*
-.62***
.04
-.49**
-.43*
Model R F R2
change F
.54 7.39*
.57 4.14* .04 .92
.73 5.92** .20 6.70*
.82 7.92*** .15 7.13*
aDevelopmental Behavior Checklist.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.