Based on in-depth analysis of the data, we formulated a theoretical proposition for cultural competence development. This proposition is summarized in Fig. 1 and comprises four key components:
ใ. The development of cultural competence is a process of reflection and action that consists of learning to bring the different realities to gether to provide effective care in a culturally diverse context.
2. This process involves developing the three dimensions of cultural competence: building a relationship with the other, working outside the usual practice framework, and reinventing practice in action.
3. This process involves three levels of development triggered by clini-cal immersion experience, whether local or international.
4. Students' or nurses' learning environment, which is represented by their personal trajectory and by social and political dimensions of care, fosters this process.