The biologic sciences encompass an enormous variety of information. Environment scence gives us a view of how species live and interacting world filled with natural phenomena. Biology and ecology study particular species. Anatomy focuses on the overall structure of an organism, documenting the physical aspects of individual bodies. Traditional medicine and physiology break the organism into systems and tissues and strive to collect information on the workings of these systems and the organism as a whole. Histology and cell biology delve into the tissue and cellular levels and provide knowledge about the inner structure and function of the cell. This wealth of information that has only recently become a major application of database technology.
Genetic has emerged as an ideal field for the application of information technology. In a broad sense, it can be thought of as the construction of models based on information about geneswhich can be defined as basic units of heredity-and populations and the seeking out of relationships in that information. The study of genetics can be divided into three branches:
(1)Mendelian genetics, (2) molecular genetics, and (3) population genetics.
Mendelian genetics is the study of the transmission of traits between generations. Molecular generics are the study of the chemical structure and function of genes at the molecular genetics is the study of how genetic information varies across population of organism. Molecular genetics provides a more detailed look at genetic information by allowing researchers to examine the composition, structure and function of genes. The origins of molecular genetics can be traced to two important discoveries. The first occurred in 1869 when Friedrich Melcher discovered unclean and its primary component, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Subsequent Research DNA and a related compound, ribonucleic acid (RNA), were found to be composed of nucleotides (a sugar a phosphate, and a base, which combined to form nucleic acid) linked into long polymers via the sugar and phosphate. The second discovery was the demonstration in 1944 by Oswald Avery that DNA was is compose chains of nucleic arranged information.
Genes were thus shown to be composed of chins of nucleic acids arranged linearly on chromosomes and to serve three primary functions:
(1) replicating genetic information between generations, (2) providing blueprints for the creation of polypeptides, and (3) accumulating changes thereby allowing evolution to occur.