It significantly increases the kinase activity of BRAF resulting in uncontrolled cell growth, reduced apoptosis, increased invasiveness, and increased metastatic potential.31 V600E inhibition leads to inhibition of MAPK activation and, therefore, to growth arrest, apoptosis, and reversal of the malignant phenotype,10 making this an ideal target on which to focus therapeutic strategies. In 2002, it was discovered that approximately 50% of human melanomas harbour an activating mutation in BRAF, raising the possibility that melanoma could be amenable to targeted therapy.34 While a number of agents with some BRAF inhibitory activity have been studied in oncology, recent efforts have been focusing on the highly selective BRAF inhibitors. Vemurafenib is one such agent that has recently been approved by Health Canada. Other selective BRAF inhibitors include dabrafenib (GSK2118436), which has been shown to be effective in phase II35 and phase III trials.36