as a precautionary approach, countries including the Netherlands,
Denmark and Canada have stipulated soil cleanup guidelines
for PAH contamination [5]. Comprehensive reviews of chemical
oxidation, bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies
specifically for PAH-contaminated soils are available in the literature
[6–10]. To date, however, these have concentrated solely on
one technology and an evaluation of all currently available soil
remediation technologies for PAHs has not been explored. Thus,
in this paper, the state of the art in this field will be reviewed,
ranging from more widely applied technologies such as solvent
extraction to new and emerging ones such as electrokinetic remediation.
Table 2 shows the structure of this paper and provides the
framework for the discussion that follows. The theories behind the
remediation technologies will be described along with comparative
evaluation of studies reported in the specialised literature. General
conclusions will be drawn concerning the technologies and their
present states of development.