1. Introduction
In agriculture, plant varieties were domesticated and over time bred
for yield and fruit quality. As a consequence, plant disease resistance is
often decreased compared to wild varieties. Most crops are susceptible
to numerous diseases caused by differentmicroorganisms (pathogens).
Diseases decrease crop yield and quality, and toxins released by some
microorganismsmay be present in the harvest. Formerly, plant diseases
were responsible for severe economic and nutritional crises and are
still currently responsible for a considerable loss in the worldwide
crop production. To date, ensuring a satisfactory yield and the quality
of the harvest requires an extensive use of numerous phytochemical
pesticides. However, pesticides harm crops, the environment, even the
health of farmers and consumers. Using pesticides also leads to the
selection of resistant pathogen strains. For these reasons alternative
and sustainable disease management is required. Alternatives include
organic and integrated farming practices, biological control, the use of
resistant hybrids or transgenic crops. However, some national legislative
bodies do not allow genetic crop improvement by transgenesis
and assisted crossing may also be prohibited for some crops, such as
wine, protected by appellation seals. The strategy of induced resistance
represents one alternative compatible with organic-farming. It consists
of stimulating the plant immune system with elicitors, natural molecules
thatmimic a pathogen attack or a danger state, or by living organisms.
Induced resistance may represent an interesting strategy for crops
when fungicide-provided control is undesired.
1. IntroductionIn agriculture, plant varieties were domesticated and over time bredfor yield and fruit quality. As a consequence, plant disease resistance isoften decreased compared to wild varieties. Most crops are susceptibleto numerous diseases caused by differentmicroorganisms (pathogens).Diseases decrease crop yield and quality, and toxins released by somemicroorganismsmay be present in the harvest. Formerly, plant diseaseswere responsible for severe economic and nutritional crises and arestill currently responsible for a considerable loss in the worldwidecrop production. To date, ensuring a satisfactory yield and the qualityof the harvest requires an extensive use of numerous phytochemicalpesticides. However, pesticides harm crops, the environment, even thehealth of farmers and consumers. Using pesticides also leads to theselection of resistant pathogen strains. For these reasons alternativeand sustainable disease management is required. Alternatives includeorganic and integrated farming practices, biological control, the use ofresistant hybrids or transgenic crops. However, some national legislativebodies do not allow genetic crop improvement by transgenesisand assisted crossing may also be prohibited for some crops, such aswine, protected by appellation seals. The strategy of induced resistancerepresents one alternative compatible with organic-farming. It consistsof stimulating the plant immune system with elicitors, natural moleculesthatmimic การศึกษาโจมตีหรืออันตราย รัฐ หรือสิ่งมีชีวิตอาศัยอยู่ต้านทานอาจอาจหมายถึงกลยุทธ์น่าสนใจสำหรับพืชเมื่อควบคุมเชื้อราให้ได้ไม่
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