Influenza is a serious respiratory illness which
can be debilitating and cause complications that lead to
hospitalization and death. Although influenza vaccine can
prevent influenza virus infection, the only therapeutic
options to treat influenza virus infection are antiviral
agents. Given temporal and geographic changes and the
shifts in antiviral drug resistance among influenza viruses,
it is time to consider natural antiviral agents against
influenza virus. Jatropha curcas is known for various
medicinal uses. Its antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-HIV
activity has been well recognized. Because of its broadspectrum
activity, we investigated aqueous and methanol
leaf extracts for cytotoxicity and its potential to inhibit
hemagglutinin protein of influenza virus. The bioactive
compounds from leaf extracts were characterized by highperformance
thinlayer chromatography which revealed the
presence of major phytochemicals including flavonoids,
saponins and tannins. The cytotoxic concentration 50 for
aqueous and methanol extracts were determined using
trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Inhibition of hemagglutinin
protein was assessed using minimal cytotoxic concentrations
of the extracts and 102.5 TCID50 (64 HA titre)
of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus with different exposure
studies using hemagglutination assay. Aqueous and methanol
extracts were found to be non toxic to Madin darby
canine kidney cells below concentration of 15.57 and
33.62 mg/mL for respectively. Inhibition of hemagglutinin
was studied using reducing hemagglutination titre which
confirmed that the J. curcas extracts have direct effect on
the process of virus adsorption leading to its inhibition. Our
results provide the information which shows the potential
of Jatropha extracts in the treatment of influenza A (H1N1)
virus infection. With an established reduced toxicity and
prevention of infection by inhibiting hemagglutinin protein,
these extracts and its derivatives may be further
developed as broad spectrum anti-influenza drugs for prevention
and treatment of infections by different types of
influenza viruses with further mechanistic studies on antiinfluenza.
Influenza is a serious respiratory illness whichcan be debilitating and cause complications that lead tohospitalization and death. Although influenza vaccine canprevent influenza virus infection, the only therapeuticoptions to treat influenza virus infection are antiviralagents. Given temporal and geographic changes and theshifts in antiviral drug resistance among influenza viruses,it is time to consider natural antiviral agents againstinfluenza virus. Jatropha curcas is known for variousmedicinal uses. Its antimicrobial, anti-cancer and anti-HIVactivity has been well recognized. Because of its broadspectrumactivity, we investigated aqueous and methanolleaf extracts for cytotoxicity and its potential to inhibithemagglutinin protein of influenza virus. The bioactivecompounds from leaf extracts were characterized by highperformancethinlayer chromatography which revealed thepresence of major phytochemicals including flavonoids,saponins and tannins. The cytotoxic concentration 50 foraqueous and methanol extracts were determined usingtrypan blue dye exclusion assay. Inhibition of hemagglutininprotein was assessed using minimal cytotoxic concentrationsof the extracts and 102.5 TCID50 (64 HA titre)of the Influenza A (H1N1) virus with different exposurestudies using hemagglutination assay. Aqueous and methanolextracts were found to be non toxic to Madin darbycanine kidney cells below concentration of 15.57 and33.62 mg/mL for respectively. Inhibition of hemagglutininwas studied using reducing hemagglutination titre whichconfirmed that the J. curcas extracts have direct effect onthe process of virus adsorption leading to its inhibition. Ourresults provide the information which shows the potentialof Jatropha extracts in the treatment of influenza A (H1N1)virus infection. With an established reduced toxicity andprevention of infection by inhibiting hemagglutinin protein,these extracts and its derivatives may be furtherdeveloped as broad spectrum anti-influenza drugs for preventionand treatment of infections by different types ofinfluenza viruses with further mechanistic studies on antiinfluenza.
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