Without a boundary there is no system, and the boundary or
boundaries determine where systems and subsystems start and
stop. Boundaries can be physical, like the clear lines that separate
the United States from its neighbors to the north and south. They
also can be maintained psychologically through symbols such as
titles, uniforms, and indoctrination rituals. At this point, it is ';tifficient
to acknowledge that the concept of boundaries is required
for an understanding of systems and that their demarcation for the
study of organizations is problematic.