Seed preparation
Rice is one of the common plant species recommended by the Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) for toxicology studies [20] due to its importance as a staple food of a large
proportion of the human population.
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Prior to their use in the experiments, Rice (Oryza sativa cv. Pathum Thani) genetic purity and
germination rates were established (> 98%); which are an important criterion for good phytotoxicity test and
high germination rate [21]. Prior to starting the experiments, rice seeds were stored in dry conditions in the
dark to avoid any potential loss of their viability.