Accrual accounting
One of the fundamental features of corporate financial reports is that they are prepared
using accrual rather than cash accounting. Unlike cash accounting, accrual accounting
distinguishes between the recording of costs and benefits associated with economic activities
and the actual payment and receipt of cash. Net profit-is-the primary periodic performance
index under accrual accounting. To compute net profit, the effects of economic
transactions are recorded on the basis of expected, not necessarily actual, cash receipts
and payments. Expected cash receipts from the delivery of products or services are recognized
as revenues, and expected cash outflows. associated with these revenues are recognized
as expenses.
While there are many rules and conventions that govern a firm's preparation of financial
statements, there are only a few conceptual building blocks that form the foundation
of accrual accounting. The following definitions are critical to the income statement,
which summarizes a firm's revenues and expenses:"
Revenues are economic resources earned during a time period. Revenue recognition is
governed by the realization principle, which proposes that revenues should be recognized
when (a) the firm has provided all, or substantially all, the goods or services to be
delivered to the customer and (b) tlie customer has paid cash or is expected to pay cash
with a reasonable degree of certainty.
Expenses are economic resources used up in a time period. Expense recognition 1s
governed by the matching and the conservatism principles. Under these principles,
expenses are (a) costs directly associated with revenues recognized in the same period,
or (b) costs associated with benefits that are consumed in this time period, or (c) resources
whose future benefits are not reasonably certain.
Profit/loss is the difference between a firm's revenues and expenses in a time period.5 The
following fundamental relationship is therefore reflected in a firm's income statement:
Profit = Revenues - Expenses
In contrast, the balance sheet is a summary at one point in time. The principles that
define a firm's assets, liabilities, equities, revenues, and expenses are as follows :
Assets are economic resources owned by a firm that are (a) likely to produce future
economic benefits and (b) measurable with a reasonable degree of certainty.
m Liabilities are economic obligations of a firm arising from benefits received in the past
that (a) are required to be met with a reasonable degree of certainty and (b) whose timing
is reasonably well defined.
Equity is the difference between a firm's assets and its liabilities.
The definitions of assets, liabilities, and equity lead to the fundamental relationship that
governs a firm's balance sheet:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
Accrual accounting
One of the fundamental features of corporate financial reports is that they are prepared
using accrual rather than cash accounting. Unlike cash accounting, accrual accounting
distinguishes between the recording of costs and benefits associated with economic activities
and the actual payment and receipt of cash. Net profit-is-the primary periodic performance
index under accrual accounting. To compute net profit, the effects of economic
transactions are recorded on the basis of expected, not necessarily actual, cash receipts
and payments. Expected cash receipts from the delivery of products or services are recognized
as revenues, and expected cash outflows. associated with these revenues are recognized
as expenses.
While there are many rules and conventions that govern a firm's preparation of financial
statements, there are only a few conceptual building blocks that form the foundation
of accrual accounting. The following definitions are critical to the income statement,
which summarizes a firm's revenues and expenses:"
Revenues are economic resources earned during a time period. Revenue recognition is
governed by the realization principle, which proposes that revenues should be recognized
when (a) the firm has provided all, or substantially all, the goods or services to be
delivered to the customer and (b) tlie customer has paid cash or is expected to pay cash
with a reasonable degree of certainty.
Expenses are economic resources used up in a time period. Expense recognition 1s
governed by the matching and the conservatism principles. Under these principles,
expenses are (a) costs directly associated with revenues recognized in the same period,
or (b) costs associated with benefits that are consumed in this time period, or (c) resources
whose future benefits are not reasonably certain.
Profit/loss is the difference between a firm's revenues and expenses in a time period.5 The
following fundamental relationship is therefore reflected in a firm's income statement:
Profit = Revenues - Expenses
In contrast, the balance sheet is a summary at one point in time. The principles that
define a firm's assets, liabilities, equities, revenues, and expenses are as follows :
Assets are economic resources owned by a firm that are (a) likely to produce future
economic benefits and (b) measurable with a reasonable degree of certainty.
m Liabilities are economic obligations of a firm arising from benefits received in the past
that (a) are required to be met with a reasonable degree of certainty and (b) whose timing
is reasonably well defined.
Equity is the difference between a firm's assets and its liabilities.
The definitions of assets, liabilities, and equity lead to the fundamental relationship that
governs a firm's balance sheet:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
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จัดทำบัญชีเกณฑ์คงค้าง
หนึ่งในคุณสมบัติพื้นฐานของรายงานทางการเงินของ บริษัท ที่พวกเขาเตรียม
ใช้คงค้างมากกว่าบัญชีเงินสด ซึ่งแตกต่างจากการบัญชีเงินสด
บัญชีคงค้างแตกต่างระหว่างการบันทึกต้นทุนและผลประโยชน์ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับกิจกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจและการชำระเงินและใบเสร็จรับเงิน
จริงเงินสด กำไรเป็นหลัก
งานเป็นระยะ ๆดัชนีภายใต้บัญชีคงค้าง . ในการคำนวณกำไรสุทธิ ผลของธุรกรรมทางเศรษฐกิจ
บันทึกไว้บนพื้นฐานของ คาด ไม่จําเป็นต้องจริง เงินสดรับ
และการชำระเงิน . คาดว่าเงินสดรับจากการส่งมอบสินค้าหรือบริการเป็นที่ยอมรับ
เป็นรายได้ และเงินสดไหลออกอย่างต่อเนื่อง ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับรายได้เหล่านี้จะได้รับการยอมรับเป็นค่าใช้จ่าย
.While there are many rules and conventions that govern a firm's preparation of financial
statements, there are only a few conceptual building blocks that form the foundation
of accrual accounting. The following definitions are critical to the income statement,
which summarizes a firm's revenues and expenses:"
Revenues are economic resources earned during a time period. Revenue recognition is
ควบคุมโดยการรับรู้หลักการที่เสนอว่ารายได้ที่ควรรู้จัก
เมื่อ ( ก ) บริษัทได้ให้ทั้งหมด หรือหลักฐานทั้งหมด สินค้าหรือบริการเป็น
ส่งมอบให้กับลูกค้า และ ( ข ) ลูกค้า tlie ได้จ่ายเงินสดหรือคาดว่าจะจ่ายเงินสด
ที่มีระดับที่เหมาะสมของความแน่นอน
จ่ายเป็นทรัพยากรทางเศรษฐกิจที่ใช้ขึ้นในช่วงเวลา ค่าใช้จ่ายการ 1s
governed by the matching and the conservatism principles. Under these principles,
expenses are (a) costs directly associated with revenues recognized in the same period,
or (b) costs associated with benefits that are consumed in this time period, or (c) resources
whose future benefits are not reasonably certain.
Profit/loss is the difference between a firm's revenues and expenses in a time period.5 The
following fundamental relationship is therefore reflected in a firm's income statement:
Profit = Revenues - Expenses
In contrast, the balance sheet is a summary at one point in time. The principles that
define a firm's assets, liabilities, equities, revenues, and expenses are as follows :
Assets are economic resources owned by a firm that are (a) likely to produce future
economic benefits and (b) measurable with a reasonable degree of certainty.
m Liabilities are economic obligations of a firm arising from benefits received in the past
that (a) are required to be met with a reasonable degree of certainty and (b) whose timing
is reasonably well defined.
Equity is the difference between a firm's assets and its liabilities.
The definitions of assets, liabilities, and equity lead to the fundamental relationship that
governs a firm's balance sheet:
Assets = Liabilities Equity
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