While the urban waste problem is expressed in the singular here, empirically it is an assemblage of different problems. Differ-ent approaches taken to tame (i.e., to better control) this problem presumed different formulations and have led to different conse-quences, which in turn educe new problems. For example, more venues for recycling have been introduced in order to reduce waste. But this increase in venues for recycling has been observed to lead paradoxically to an increase in resource consumption (Catlin & Wang, 2013). Conversely, to curtail consumption in order to reduce