Stroke
is
a
worldwide
major
health
issue.
As
some
of
the
risk
factors
are
modifiable,
it
is
of
high
importance
to
understand
how
we
can
minimize
the
risk
for
stroke.
Multifactorial
interventions
should
be
provided
to
patients
in
the
frame
of
primary
and
secondary
prevention.
Obesity
is
a
well-established
modifiable
factor
as
well
as
the
dietary
pattern
that
mostly
depends
on
the
social
environment,
the
lifestyle
and
the
habits
of
each
individual.
So,
dietary
changes
should
be
part
of
the
holistic
approach
which
includes
improvements
in
the
regulation
of
hypertension,
hyperlipidaemia
and
hyperglycaemia.
In
the
present
review,
we
try
to
provide
a
global
approach
on
how
diet
can
influence
the
risk
of
stroke
and
especially
the
nutritional
influence
on
lipid
profile
and
vessel
disease
and
the
role
of
dietary
modification
in
the
secondary
stroke
prevention.
The
importance
of
salt
restriction,
DASH
and
Mediterranean
diet
low
in
saturated
and
high
in
polyunsaturated
fats,
and
the
management
of
obesity
seem
to
be
the
most
important
dietary
priorities.
Strokeisaworldwidemajorhealthissue.Assomeoftheriskfactorsaremodifiable,itisofhighimportancetounderstandhowwecanminimizetheriskforstroke.Multifactorialinterventionsshouldbeprovidedtopatientsintheframeofprimaryandsecondaryprevention.Obesityisawell-establishedmodifiablefactoraswellasthedietarypatternthatmostlydependsonthesocialenvironment,thelifestyleandthehabitsofeachindividual.So,dietarychangesshouldbepartoftheholisticapproachwhichincludesimprovementsintheregulationofhypertension,hyperlipidaemiaandhyperglycaemia.Inthepresentreview,wetrytoprovideaglobalapproachonhowdietcaninfluencetheriskofstrokeandespeciallythenutritionalinfluenceonlipidprofileandvesseldiseaseandtheroleofdietarymodificationinthesecondarystrokeprevention.Theimportanceofsaltrestriction,DASHandMediterraneandietlowinsaturatedandhighinpolyunsaturatedfats,andthemanagementofobesityseemtobethemostimportantdietarypriorities.
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Stroke is a worldwide major health issue. As some of the risk factors are modifiable, it is of high importance to understand how we can minimize the risk for stroke. Multifactorial interventions should be provided to patients in the frame of primary and secondary prevention. Obesity is a well-established modifiable factor as well as the dietary pattern that mostly depends on the social environment, the lifestyle and the habits of each individual. So, dietary changes should be part of the holistic approach which includes improvements in the regulation of hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and hyperglycaemia. In the present review, we try to provide a global approach on how diet can influence the risk of stroke and especially the nutritional influence on lipid profile and vessel disease and the role of dietary modification in the secondary stroke prevention. The importance of salt restriction, DASH and Mediterranean diet low in saturated and high in polyunsaturated fats, and the management of obesity seem to be the most important dietary priorities.
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