Wu et al. [23] compared the spray and combustion characteristics between pure ABE, n-butanol and diesel. The longer flame lift-off length, shorter liquid penetration and stronger premixed combustion indicated that ABE had a high potential to reduce soot. Through the study of ABE–diesel blends with different ABE component volumetric ratio (A:B:E of
6:3:1; 3:6:1; 0:10:0), the effect of acetone on the spray combustion of ABE–diesel blends was investigated [24,25].