Conclusion
Guidance and counseling services play an integral part in the overall student services department of any elementary or secondary school. The aims of guidance and counseling programs in schools are to assist individuals to develop the ability to understand themselves, to solve their own problems, and to make appropriate adjustments to their environment. Major guidance services include student appraisal, information giving, placement and follow-up, and counseling. Broadly conceived, two methods of counseling include directive and nondirective approaches. On the one hand, directive counseling focusses attention on identifying and analyzing the problem and finding an appropriate solution to it using all available data. Nondirective counseling, on the other hand, provides the counselee not with a neat solution, but instead with the ability to meet her problem in a constructive way. Ten criteria are used in evaluating guidance and counseling program: student needs, cooperation, process and product, balance, stability, flexibility, quality counselors, adequate counselor-student ratio, adequate physical facilities, and appropriate record keeping.