Central to these domestic constraints is
the unpaid care work, both for children and
for older relatives, which many women still
undertake in the home. Under dominant
models of citizenship, which give prominence
to paid work obligations, such work
tends to stand outside the realm of citizenship
obligations and responsibilities, with
negative implications for access to social
rights. This has led some feminists, such as
Gillian Pascall (1993), to be wary of dutiesbased
citizenship claims.