Unsustainable fishing pressure has led to the decline of most
shark populations, and some are facing extinction [1,2,3]. These
predators play a crucial ecological role in structuring marine
ecosystems and food webs [4], and are commercially important for
their meat and particularly their fins. Late maturation, low
fecundity, and longevity make sharks acutely vulnerable to
overexploitation and prevent rapid recovery from over-fishing [5].
Recent global catch assessments estimated approximately 100
million sharks are landed annually, excluding illegal, unreported,
and unregulated shark catches [3]. Evidence of continuing overfishing
of shark populations triggered immediate conservation
actions by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), international treaties such as the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
Unsustainable fishing pressure has led to the decline of mostshark populations, and some are facing extinction [1,2,3]. Thesepredators play a crucial ecological role in structuring marineecosystems and food webs [4], and are commercially important fortheir meat and particularly their fins. Late maturation, lowfecundity, and longevity make sharks acutely vulnerable tooverexploitation and prevent rapid recovery from over-fishing [5].Recent global catch assessments estimated approximately 100million sharks are landed annually, excluding illegal, unreported,and unregulated shark catches [3]. Evidence of continuing overfishingof shark populations triggered immediate conservationactions by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations (FAO), international treaties such as the Convention onInternational Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and
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