Adequate congestion control mechanisms are essential to
optimize the flow of vehicles in vehicular networks. Congestion
control applications in vehicular networks can be broken
down into identifying, minimizing and preventing congestion.
The identification of traffic congestion is the effectiveness in
characterizing congestion in traffic. The minimization corresponds
to an attempt to reduce detected congestion. Congestion
avoidance is a complex approach, since it needs to
manage vehicular flows on the roads, to prevent the onset of
congestion. The problem of preventing traffic congestion can
be reduced to a minimum-cost flow problem in flow networks,
which falls into the category of NP-Complete problems.