Residual sugars in the whey samples were determined on a Shimadzu LC-9A HPLC system consisting of a Shim-pack SCR-101N column, an LC-9A pump, an RID-6A refractive index detector, a CTO-10A column oven, and a DGU-2A degassing unit. Three times distilled water was used as the mobile phase (0.8 ml/min), and 1-butanol (0.1% v/v) was used as an internal standard. Column temperature was 60 C. Sample dilution was 1% v/v, and injection volume was 40 ll (Tsaousi, Dimitrellou, & Koutinas, 2008).