PsyCap is defined as ‘‘an individual’s positive state of psychological development that is
characterized by (1) having confidence (efficacy) to take on and succeed at challenging tasks; (2)
making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3) persevering
toward goals, and when necessary, redirecting paths to goals (hope) in order to succeed; and (4)
when beset by problems and adversity, sustaining and bouncing back and even beyond (resiliency)
to attain success’’ (Luthans et al. 2007b, 3).