With regard to cortical and trabecular bone, there are
marked gender differences in both the surface specific
changes on the periosteal and endocortical surfaces of
cortical bone and the pattern of trabecular bone loss with
aging. In both men and women, the relative amount of
endocortical bone resorption is similar during aging, but
the absolute amount of endosteal bone loss tends to be
greater in men because they have a larger skeleton [32].
At periosteal surfaces, there is a slow gradual increase
in bone size in both men and postmenopausal women,
but this tends to be greater in men possibly mediated by
the effects of testosterone