2. Methodology
We carried out a literature review with thematic analysis on three main subjects: Enterprise Systems, Cognitive and social-tech engineering and innovation management. Two researchers selected 46 full papers from an analysis of relevant abstracts from three databases: Web of Knowledge/Web of Science, Google Scholar and IEEE xplore. The terms searches were: open innovation, complex enterprise systems, system thinking approach, cognitive engineering, social-technical engineering and innovation management. We also used the Innovation Pentathlon Framework (Goffin & Mitchell, 2010) to classify innovation research publications based on the type of innovation, dimension of innovation, degree of innovation, phase of innovation, category, sector and research area. In addition, drawing from our literature review we created a conceptual innovation model to address a real healthcare case study.