The possibility of economies of scale at terminals, linked with constraints on
load availability and operational constraints (e.g. double stacking, unit train size,
maximal truck load unit) is imposing a notable differentiation between North
American and European inland terminals. While in both cases gateway systems
tend to be similar, it is in their respective hinterlands that differentiation is taking
shape. A larger number of inland terminals is required in Europe than in North
America, to handle a similar volume.