Minerals and vitamins (each kg contains): Vitamin A: 10,000,000 IU; Vitamin E: 70,000 IU; Vitamin D: 1600,000 IU; Fe: 50 g; Zn: 40 g; Mn: 40 g; Co:0.1 g; Cu: 10 g; Se: 0.1 g; I: 0.5 g.cMetabolizable energy (ME) was calculated according to the equation of Robinson et al. (2004) as: ME (MJ/kg DM) = 0.82 × (((2.4 × crude pro-tein) + (3.9 × ether extract) + (1.8 × organic matter)) × in vitro organic matter digestibility); where CP, EE and OM are in g/kg DM and ivOMD values obtainedfrom our previous in vitro study with mean values of 540 g/kg DM.*Urea N in U-cas is over-estimating CP.