In spite of widespread public concern for long-term
health and environmental e!ects of synthetic pesticides,
especially in Europe and North America, natural pesticides,
both of microbial and plant origin, have yet to have
much impact in the marketplace. Bioinsecticides, dominated
by Bacillus thuringiensis-based products, and botanical
insecticides, dominated by pyrethrum-based
products, each command little more than 1% of the
global insecticide market. However, recent government
action in the United States, in the form of the Food
Quality Protection Act of 1996, will dramatically restrict
the use of many conventional insecticides upon which
growers have depended for decades (e.g. organophosphates
and carbamates). In turn, this will create a signi"-
cant market opportunity for alternative products, in
particular `reduced-riska pesticides which are favored by
the Environmental Protection Agency in the USA.
Against this backdrop, natural pesticides based on
plant-essential oils may represent alternative crop protectants
whose time has come. Essential oils, obtained by
steam distillation of plant foliage, and even the foliage
In spite of widespread public concern for long-termhealth and environmental e!ects of synthetic pesticides,especially in Europe and North America, natural pesticides,both of microbial and plant origin, have yet to havemuch impact in the marketplace. Bioinsecticides, dominatedby Bacillus thuringiensis-based products, and botanicalinsecticides, dominated by pyrethrum-basedproducts, each command little more than 1% of theglobal insecticide market. However, recent governmentaction in the United States, in the form of the FoodQuality Protection Act of 1996, will dramatically restrictthe use of many conventional insecticides upon whichgrowers have depended for decades (e.g. organophosphatesand carbamates). In turn, this will create a signi"-cant market opportunity for alternative products, inparticular `reduced-riska pesticides which are favored bythe Environmental Protection Agency in the USA.Against this backdrop, natural pesticides based onplant-essential oils may represent alternative crop protectantswhose time has come. Essential oils, obtained bysteam distillation of plant foliage, and even the foliage
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