Learners’ Views Regarding the Use of Social Networking Sites in Distance Learning
Büşra Özmen and Bünyamin Atıcı
Fırat University, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to examine the use of learning management systems supported by social networking sites in distance education and to determine the views of learners regarding these platforms. The study group of this study, which uses a qualitative research approach, consists of 15 undergraduate students who resumed their education in Turkey. The data were gathered via a semi-structured interview form which consists of open-ended questions. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the study, it has been revealed within the scope of the course that the students have positive attitudes towards the use of social networking sites and distance education applications and these applications have positively affected the quality of communication between instructors and students. Furthermore, it was seen that the students made comments relating to the interesting aspects of the applications and the difference between distance education and face-to-face learning.
Keywords: Social networking sites; distance learning; learning management systems; Blackboard; CourseSites; Ning
Introduction
Distance education has existed for more than a hundred years. Distance education, which emerged with the idea of education at home without being dependent on time and place, has existed in many forms for years from learning via letters to videos, from radio and TV lessons to internet applications as technology has improved (Gürgan, 2012). Because of this, many different tools and methods have been used for realizing distance education activities (Smith, 2009). Within the scope of life-long learning, today, web technologies are actively used in distance education applications which aim to bring people in different places together. These technologies help people to learn by themselves synchronously or asynchronously and provide opportunities for creating an interactive environment via audio-visual elements. Student-student interaction is seen as one of the key points in providing student satisfaction in distance education (Zhao et al., 2005; Tallent-Runnels et al., 2006). In addition, it has been stated that interaction in learning increases success and engenders a positive attitude, an increase in motivation, and consequently more meaningful and permanent learning (Kim et al., 2007). The negative effects of earlier distance education applications and the use of internet technologies that do not meet needs in terms of learner-learner and learner-instructor interaction have decreased. The use of learning management systems (LMSs), such as Blackboard, Moodle and WebCT, which were often used in higher education institutions in the 1990s, has not only facilitated the distribution and sharing of education material and information, but also increased the level of interaction among learners, institutions, and instructors. Tools such as instant messaging systems, discussion boards, chat rooms, and blogs have given learners the opportunity to interact not only with instructors but also with other learners (Grisham & Wolsey, 2006). However, recently it has been seen that these overly structured (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010) tools used in LMSs make some students reluctant to use these platforms (Aghili et al., 2014; Divall & Kirwin, 2012; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012; Schroeder & Greenbowe, 2009) as they provide less student communication, satisfaction and motivation when compared to the face-to-face classroom environment from the perspective of students (Aghili et al., 2014; Thoms & Eryılmaz, 2014; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012; Rozac et al., 2012; Duncan & Young, 2009; Young, 2007). LMSs are also tending to be instructor centric and instructors primarily use these platforms for information sharing (Mott, 2010). In these official environments, learners are limited to merely interacting with others. Furthermore, LMSs are considered to decrease motivation and enthusiasm and fail to support personalization (DeSchryver et al., 2009).
For this reason, the researchers have suggested that the aforementioned platforms get support from other technologies in order to resolve these problems and provide social experience (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Lee & McLoughlin, 2010). Within this scope, social networking sites (SNSs) have caught attention due to their encouragement of communication (Rozac et al., 2012), student engagement (Aghili et al., 2014), motivation, personal interaction and collaboration (Veletsianos, Kimmons, & French, 2013; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012; Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009). It was considered that SNSs can be used to overcome the limitations of LMS (Aghili et al., 2014; Tess, 2013; Veletsianos, Kimmons, & French, 2013; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012; Wang, 2011).
SNSs are defined as web sites which provide opportunities for users to increase levels of communication by connecting with one another and to share personal content, features which are the basic characteristics of online communities (Buss & Strauss, 2009). According to Junco and Mastrodicasa (2007), SNSs are “an easier way to connect in a disconnected world.” Wheeler, Yeomans, and Wheeler (2008) state that SNSs provide unique opportunities for students to share their ideas, showcase their creativity, and get rapid feedback from their friends. SNSs which are designed to form virtual groups via the sharing of experience and personal information and connecting with friends are increasing day by day in today’s world. Although there are many SNSs such as Bebo, LunarStorm, Mixi, and Orkut, the most popular ones are Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. These sites have increasingly become an essential communication tool for people (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010). Individuals with common interests can connect by sharing information in the form of photos, videos, links, and notes; and they can collaborate by using discussion environments (McCann, 2009). In particular, SNSs help people who have problems with initiating and maintaining formal or informal social relationships as they decrease communicative barriers and encourage people to make interactions, as is the case with some other types of computer-supported communication (Ellison, Steinfeld, & Lampe, 2007). Many researchers support the use of SNSs in increasing student engagement and forming communities in higher education classes (Aghili et al., 2014; Hoffman, 2009). According to a report prepared by New Media Consortium and ELI (2007), not only do SNSs attract people, they also attract their attention, foster their participation, and lead users to revisit past experiences, all of which are seen as desirable qualities in educational materials. SNSs give learners an opportunity to create personal profiles which help them take ownership of their learning space (Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012). SNSs are also useful tools for creating a sense of presence, supporting student participation, and building online communities (Lee & McLoughlin, 2010; Naveh et al., 2010). Furthermore, it was stated that SNSs can improve learners’ high order thinking skills depending on the tasks instructors choose (Callaghan & Bower, 2012; Lu & Churchill, 2012). For all of these reasons, the use of SNSs is significantly beneficial, especially in higher education contexts. But some researchers have suggested not using SNSs due to their disadvantages for learners and instructors such as feeling less safe with personal data and exposing distractions in the learning environment (Petrovic et al., 2014; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012).
To summarise, the use of LMSs as primary education tools, especially in higher education institutions, is rapidly increasing (Petrovic et al., 2014; Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010). According to a study by Allen and Seaman (2008), the rate of high school and university students registering in at least one such class is increasing day by day. At the same time, the popularity of SNSs such as Facebook, Friendster, LinkedIn, LiveJournal, and MySpace is continuously increasing and it has expanded to a wide user base (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). When the popularity of LMSs and SNSs and the educational benefits of SNSs are considered, some educators suggest merging these two platforms to improve the quality of learning (Petrovic et al., 2014; Thoms & Eryılmaz, 2014; Razali et al., 2013; Iahad, 2012; Rozac et al., 2012; Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Feuer, 2009). In this context, it was aimed to investigate students’ views about the use of LMSs supported by SNSs in distance education in this study.
Method
The Model of the Study
This study, which uses a qualitative research approach, has been designed as action research. Action research provides in-depth information to the researcher about the process and results of the application. In addition, it is more often used as part of a qualitative research approach because generalization is not the primary purpose and qualitative research has a more flexible structure than quantitative research (Yıldırım & Şimsek, 2008). From this standpoint, it has been attempted to determine what learners think about the application process and to record the results of social networking site supported distance education courses which were carried out in the course of the study.
Study Group
The population of the group consists of Fırat University students. Criterion-based sampling was selected from the purposeful sampling methods in determining the study group. In criterion-based sampling, the study group is formed by selecting the ones that meet the formerly determined criteria. A ready-made criterion list can also be used in addition to one prepared by the researcher (Patton, 2002). For this purpose, the criteria were formulated by the researcher. In the st
Learners’ Views Regarding the Use of Social Networking Sites in Distance LearningBüşra Özmen and Bünyamin Atıcı Fırat University, TurkeyAbstractIn this study, it was aimed to examine the use of learning management systems supported by social networking sites in distance education and to determine the views of learners regarding these platforms. The study group of this study, which uses a qualitative research approach, consists of 15 undergraduate students who resumed their education in Turkey. The data were gathered via a semi-structured interview form which consists of open-ended questions. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the study, it has been revealed within the scope of the course that the students have positive attitudes towards the use of social networking sites and distance education applications and these applications have positively affected the quality of communication between instructors and students. Furthermore, it was seen that the students made comments relating to the interesting aspects of the applications and the difference between distance education and face-to-face learning.Keywords: Social networking sites; distance learning; learning management systems; Blackboard; CourseSites; NingIntroductionDistance education has existed for more than a hundred years. Distance education, which emerged with the idea of education at home without being dependent on time and place, has existed in many forms for years from learning via letters to videos, from radio and TV lessons to internet applications as technology has improved (Gürgan, 2012). Because of this, many different tools and methods have been used for realizing distance education activities (Smith, 2009). Within the scope of life-long learning, today, web technologies are actively used in distance education applications which aim to bring people in different places together. These technologies help people to learn by themselves synchronously or asynchronously and provide opportunities for creating an interactive environment via audio-visual elements. Student-student interaction is seen as one of the key points in providing student satisfaction in distance education (Zhao et al., 2005; Tallent-Runnels et al., 2006). In addition, it has been stated that interaction in learning increases success and engenders a positive attitude, an increase in motivation, and consequently more meaningful and permanent learning (Kim et al., 2007). The negative effects of earlier distance education applications and the use of internet technologies that do not meet needs in terms of learner-learner and learner-instructor interaction have decreased. The use of learning management systems (LMSs), such as Blackboard, Moodle and WebCT, which were often used in higher education institutions in the 1990s, has not only facilitated the distribution and sharing of education material and information, but also increased the level of interaction among learners, institutions, and instructors. Tools such as instant messaging systems, discussion boards, chat rooms, and blogs have given learners the opportunity to interact not only with instructors but also with other learners (Grisham & Wolsey, 2006). However, recently it has been seen that these overly structured (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010) tools used in LMSs make some students reluctant to use these platforms (Aghili et al., 2014; Divall & Kirwin, 2012; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012; Schroeder & Greenbowe, 2009) as they provide less student communication, satisfaction and motivation when compared to the face-to-face classroom environment from the perspective of students (Aghili et al., 2014; Thoms & Eryılmaz, 2014; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012; Rozac et al., 2012; Duncan & Young, 2009; Young, 2007). LMSs are also tending to be instructor centric and instructors primarily use these platforms for information sharing (Mott, 2010). In these official environments, learners are limited to merely interacting with others. Furthermore, LMSs are considered to decrease motivation and enthusiasm and fail to support personalization (DeSchryver et al., 2009).For this reason, the researchers have suggested that the aforementioned platforms get support from other technologies in order to resolve these problems and provide social experience (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Lee & McLoughlin, 2010). Within this scope, social networking sites (SNSs) have caught attention due to their encouragement of communication (Rozac et al., 2012), student engagement (Aghili et al., 2014), motivation, personal interaction and collaboration (Veletsianos, Kimmons, & French, 2013; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012; Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009). It was considered that SNSs can be used to overcome the limitations of LMS (Aghili et al., 2014; Tess, 2013; Veletsianos, Kimmons, & French, 2013; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012; Wang, 2011). SNSs are defined as web sites which provide opportunities for users to increase levels of communication by connecting with one another and to share personal content, features which are the basic characteristics of online communities (Buss & Strauss, 2009). According to Junco and Mastrodicasa (2007), SNSs are “an easier way to connect in a disconnected world.” Wheeler, Yeomans, and Wheeler (2008) state that SNSs provide unique opportunities for students to share their ideas, showcase their creativity, and get rapid feedback from their friends. SNSs which are designed to form virtual groups via the sharing of experience and personal information and connecting with friends are increasing day by day in today’s world. Although there are many SNSs such as Bebo, LunarStorm, Mixi, and Orkut, the most popular ones are Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. These sites have increasingly become an essential communication tool for people (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010). Individuals with common interests can connect by sharing information in the form of photos, videos, links, and notes; and they can collaborate by using discussion environments (McCann, 2009). In particular, SNSs help people who have problems with initiating and maintaining formal or informal social relationships as they decrease communicative barriers and encourage people to make interactions, as is the case with some other types of computer-supported communication (Ellison, Steinfeld, & Lampe, 2007). Many researchers support the use of SNSs in increasing student engagement and forming communities in higher education classes (Aghili et al., 2014; Hoffman, 2009). According to a report prepared by New Media Consortium and ELI (2007), not only do SNSs attract people, they also attract their attention, foster their participation, and lead users to revisit past experiences, all of which are seen as desirable qualities in educational materials. SNSs give learners an opportunity to create personal profiles which help them take ownership of their learning space (Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012). SNSs are also useful tools for creating a sense of presence, supporting student participation, and building online communities (Lee & McLoughlin, 2010; Naveh et al., 2010). Furthermore, it was stated that SNSs can improve learners’ high order thinking skills depending on the tasks instructors choose (Callaghan & Bower, 2012; Lu & Churchill, 2012). For all of these reasons, the use of SNSs is significantly beneficial, especially in higher education contexts. But some researchers have suggested not using SNSs due to their disadvantages for learners and instructors such as feeling less safe with personal data and exposing distractions in the learning environment (Petrovic et al., 2014; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012).
To summarise, the use of LMSs as primary education tools, especially in higher education institutions, is rapidly increasing (Petrovic et al., 2014; Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010). According to a study by Allen and Seaman (2008), the rate of high school and university students registering in at least one such class is increasing day by day. At the same time, the popularity of SNSs such as Facebook, Friendster, LinkedIn, LiveJournal, and MySpace is continuously increasing and it has expanded to a wide user base (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). When the popularity of LMSs and SNSs and the educational benefits of SNSs are considered, some educators suggest merging these two platforms to improve the quality of learning (Petrovic et al., 2014; Thoms & Eryılmaz, 2014; Razali et al., 2013; Iahad, 2012; Rozac et al., 2012; Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Feuer, 2009). In this context, it was aimed to investigate students’ views about the use of LMSs supported by SNSs in distance education in this study.
Method
The Model of the Study
This study, which uses a qualitative research approach, has been designed as action research. Action research provides in-depth information to the researcher about the process and results of the application. In addition, it is more often used as part of a qualitative research approach because generalization is not the primary purpose and qualitative research has a more flexible structure than quantitative research (Yıldırım & Şimsek, 2008). From this standpoint, it has been attempted to determine what learners think about the application process and to record the results of social networking site supported distance education courses which were carried out in the course of the study.
Study Group
The population of the group consists of Fırat University students. Criterion-based sampling was selected from the purposeful sampling methods in determining the study group. In criterion-based sampling, the study group is formed by selecting the ones that meet the formerly determined criteria. A ready-made criterion list can also be used in addition to one prepared by the researcher (Patton, 2002). For this purpose, the criteria were formulated by the researcher. In the st
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Learners’ Views Regarding the Use of Social Networking Sites in Distance Learning
Büşra Özmen and Bünyamin Atıcı
Fırat University, Turkey
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to examine the use of learning management systems supported by social networking sites in distance education and to determine the views of learners regarding these platforms. The study group of this study, which uses a qualitative research approach, consists of 15 undergraduate students who resumed their education in Turkey. The data were gathered via a semi-structured interview form which consists of open-ended questions. Content analysis was used in the analysis of the data. According to the results of the study, it has been revealed within the scope of the course that the students have positive attitudes towards the use of social networking sites and distance education applications and these applications have positively affected the quality of communication between instructors and students. Furthermore, it was seen that the students made comments relating to the interesting aspects of the applications and the difference between distance education and face-to-face learning.
Keywords: Social networking sites; distance learning; learning management systems; Blackboard; CourseSites; Ning
Introduction
Distance education has existed for more than a hundred years. Distance education, which emerged with the idea of education at home without being dependent on time and place, has existed in many forms for years from learning via letters to videos, from radio and TV lessons to internet applications as technology has improved (Gürgan, 2012). Because of this, many different tools and methods have been used for realizing distance education activities (Smith, 2009). Within the scope of life-long learning, today, web technologies are actively used in distance education applications which aim to bring people in different places together. These technologies help people to learn by themselves synchronously or asynchronously and provide opportunities for creating an interactive environment via audio-visual elements. Student-student interaction is seen as one of the key points in providing student satisfaction in distance education (Zhao et al., 2005; Tallent-Runnels et al., 2006). In addition, it has been stated that interaction in learning increases success and engenders a positive attitude, an increase in motivation, and consequently more meaningful and permanent learning (Kim et al., 2007). The negative effects of earlier distance education applications and the use of internet technologies that do not meet needs in terms of learner-learner and learner-instructor interaction have decreased. The use of learning management systems (LMSs), such as Blackboard, Moodle and WebCT, which were often used in higher education institutions in the 1990s, has not only facilitated the distribution and sharing of education material and information, but also increased the level of interaction among learners, institutions, and instructors. Tools such as instant messaging systems, discussion boards, chat rooms, and blogs have given learners the opportunity to interact not only with instructors but also with other learners (Grisham & Wolsey, 2006). However, recently it has been seen that these overly structured (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010) tools used in LMSs make some students reluctant to use these platforms (Aghili et al., 2014; Divall & Kirwin, 2012; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012; Schroeder & Greenbowe, 2009) as they provide less student communication, satisfaction and motivation when compared to the face-to-face classroom environment from the perspective of students (Aghili et al., 2014; Thoms & Eryılmaz, 2014; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012; Rozac et al., 2012; Duncan & Young, 2009; Young, 2007). LMSs are also tending to be instructor centric and instructors primarily use these platforms for information sharing (Mott, 2010). In these official environments, learners are limited to merely interacting with others. Furthermore, LMSs are considered to decrease motivation and enthusiasm and fail to support personalization (DeSchryver et al., 2009).
For this reason, the researchers have suggested that the aforementioned platforms get support from other technologies in order to resolve these problems and provide social experience (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Lee & McLoughlin, 2010). Within this scope, social networking sites (SNSs) have caught attention due to their encouragement of communication (Rozac et al., 2012), student engagement (Aghili et al., 2014), motivation, personal interaction and collaboration (Veletsianos, Kimmons, & French, 2013; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012; Greenhow, Robelia, & Hughes, 2009). It was considered that SNSs can be used to overcome the limitations of LMS (Aghili et al., 2014; Tess, 2013; Veletsianos, Kimmons, & French, 2013; Veletsianos & Navarrete, 2012; Wang, 2011).
SNSs are defined as web sites which provide opportunities for users to increase levels of communication by connecting with one another and to share personal content, features which are the basic characteristics of online communities (Buss & Strauss, 2009). According to Junco and Mastrodicasa (2007), SNSs are “an easier way to connect in a disconnected world.” Wheeler, Yeomans, and Wheeler (2008) state that SNSs provide unique opportunities for students to share their ideas, showcase their creativity, and get rapid feedback from their friends. SNSs which are designed to form virtual groups via the sharing of experience and personal information and connecting with friends are increasing day by day in today’s world. Although there are many SNSs such as Bebo, LunarStorm, Mixi, and Orkut, the most popular ones are Facebook, MySpace and Twitter. These sites have increasingly become an essential communication tool for people (Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010). Individuals with common interests can connect by sharing information in the form of photos, videos, links, and notes; and they can collaborate by using discussion environments (McCann, 2009). In particular, SNSs help people who have problems with initiating and maintaining formal or informal social relationships as they decrease communicative barriers and encourage people to make interactions, as is the case with some other types of computer-supported communication (Ellison, Steinfeld, & Lampe, 2007). Many researchers support the use of SNSs in increasing student engagement and forming communities in higher education classes (Aghili et al., 2014; Hoffman, 2009). According to a report prepared by New Media Consortium and ELI (2007), not only do SNSs attract people, they also attract their attention, foster their participation, and lead users to revisit past experiences, all of which are seen as desirable qualities in educational materials. SNSs give learners an opportunity to create personal profiles which help them take ownership of their learning space (Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012). SNSs are also useful tools for creating a sense of presence, supporting student participation, and building online communities (Lee & McLoughlin, 2010; Naveh et al., 2010). Furthermore, it was stated that SNSs can improve learners’ high order thinking skills depending on the tasks instructors choose (Callaghan & Bower, 2012; Lu & Churchill, 2012). For all of these reasons, the use of SNSs is significantly beneficial, especially in higher education contexts. But some researchers have suggested not using SNSs due to their disadvantages for learners and instructors such as feeling less safe with personal data and exposing distractions in the learning environment (Petrovic et al., 2014; Meishar-Tal, Kurtz, & Pieterse, 2012).
To summarise, the use of LMSs as primary education tools, especially in higher education institutions, is rapidly increasing (Petrovic et al., 2014; Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010). According to a study by Allen and Seaman (2008), the rate of high school and university students registering in at least one such class is increasing day by day. At the same time, the popularity of SNSs such as Facebook, Friendster, LinkedIn, LiveJournal, and MySpace is continuously increasing and it has expanded to a wide user base (Boyd & Ellison, 2007). When the popularity of LMSs and SNSs and the educational benefits of SNSs are considered, some educators suggest merging these two platforms to improve the quality of learning (Petrovic et al., 2014; Thoms & Eryılmaz, 2014; Razali et al., 2013; Iahad, 2012; Rozac et al., 2012; Brady, Holcomb, & Smith, 2010; Feuer, 2009). In this context, it was aimed to investigate students’ views about the use of LMSs supported by SNSs in distance education in this study.
Method
The Model of the Study
This study, which uses a qualitative research approach, has been designed as action research. Action research provides in-depth information to the researcher about the process and results of the application. In addition, it is more often used as part of a qualitative research approach because generalization is not the primary purpose and qualitative research has a more flexible structure than quantitative research (Yıldırım & Şimsek, 2008). From this standpoint, it has been attempted to determine what learners think about the application process and to record the results of social networking site supported distance education courses which were carried out in the course of the study.
Study Group
The population of the group consists of Fırat University students. Criterion-based sampling was selected from the purposeful sampling methods in determining the study group. In criterion-based sampling, the study group is formed by selecting the ones that meet the formerly determined criteria. A ready-made criterion list can also be used in addition to one prepared by the researcher (Patton, 2002). For this purpose, the criteria were formulated by the researcher. In the st
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