The Client Orientation
Since policy analysis is client driven, client orientation must be addressed.
Heuristic 1: You must address the issue the client poses.
Heuristic 2: It is almost always better to answer the question posed with uncertainty, than to answer with certainty a question that wasn’t asked.
Heuristic 3: Good analysis does not suppress uncertainty, whether with respect to facts or theories. It is more effective to highlight ambiguities than to suppress them.