Genetic fidelity screening
Two DNA-based molecular markers, SCoT and ISSR, were applied to demonstrate genetic homogeneity of a total of nine and six regenerated plants from leaf- and callusderived protoplasts, respectively. Initially 20 SCoT and 15 ISSR primers were screened, and ten and eight primers,
respectively, amplified clear and scoreable bands. A total of 53 monomorphic bands were produced from PCR amplification of SCoT primers with amplicons ranging in size from 200 to 1300 bp, giving rise to monomorphic patterns across nine leaf- and six callus-protoplast-derived plants
(Supplementary Table 1). The number of scoreable bands from each SCoT primer ranged from four (SCoT-5, SCoT-25, and SCoT-28) to eight (SCoT-24) with an average of 5.3 bands per primer (Supplementary Table 1). All ISSR primers yielded 55 scoreable and reproducible bands ranging
from 11 (maximum) to five (minimum) bands from primers UBC-873 and UBC-811, 841, respectively (Supplementary Table 1), with an average of 6.8 bands per primer ranging in size from 300 to 1700 bp.