The civil service systems in the two countries have had a long history, dating as far back as the colonial period. Some of the problems that emerged during that era are still prevalent. In addition, the functions and structure of the Ugandan and Tanzanian CS have, over time, been shaped by historical, economic, political and ideological factors. The CS system that was inherited from the colonial regime at independence by both countries was relatively small, with its objectives primarily focused on the maintenance of law and order. More than forty years later, these systems have changed both in
structure and functions. Besides maintaining law and order, the CS has increasingly become the vehicle for social and economic development.