The E group had physical resistance strength training and walking (Table 1). Physical
resistance strength training and walking were combined because we hypothesized that
strength training would be necessary for them to walk and increase their physical activity.
Many nursing home and assisted living residents have severe mobility limitations and
sarcopenia. The participants performed hip extensions on a hip-extension/leg-press chair and
arm extensions from a seated position in a chest-press chair. Both exercise machines were
pneumatic resistance devices that produce an isotonic force (Keiser Sports Health
Equipment, Fresno, CA). A registered nurse administered the exercise in the nursing home
or assisted living settings. WE (co-investigator) and CL (project director) trained the nurse.
Prior to exercise, participants' primary care physician signed that they were medically able