parish catechetical meetings, that parents were performing their teaching duties, with approved results.
This early popular education was based on the double principle of the family head's duty to instruct and the clerical officials’ duty to examine. To be able to read and to know one's catechism became required previous knowledge for preparation for confirmation and first Holy Communion, and this in turn was a condition for being accepted into the adult community (Johansson 1995).
The system proved to be effective. As early as the 18th century Swedes were a reading people, as were their Nordic neighbours. Parents’ obligation to instruct became an important family matter, which in time was to be defended when the authorities produced new regulations demanding that teaching should be managed by professional teachers. This meant that the elementary school teachers, with the support of the authorities, were obliged to wrest their professional territory from the parents and to some extent from the Church.
The adoption of the 1842 Elementary School Statute implied two important decisions of principle. First, it meant that popular education assumed the character of an educational task and not a matter for the poorhouse. Secondly, popular education was to be kept entirely separate from education for the ‘public class’, that is, the form of school that was to be designated as läroverk and which corresponded most closely to the grammar school (Richardson, 1992).
Folkskolan, the elementary school, was, strictly speaking, a kind of religious school during its first 75 years. Religious instruction was the most important subject. The Lutheran Church was the responsible authority, and the vicar was the principal. The 1919 curriculum for the elementary school involved considerable changes. The religious instruction was reduced by 50 per cent and social studies, mathematics and the mother tongue were given more time. The secularisation of the school system had started. Fostering for national citizenship instead of the Lutheran faith became the task of the school system.
Two merge into one – Grundskolan: The Comprehensive School
In time the position of the grammar school teachers was upset by the professional claims of elementary school teachers. The elementary school teachers were pressing for coordination of the separate educational systems and for a common course of studies for all children – a basic school – for the first six years of schooling. This issue dominated educational discussion in 260 Sven Hartman 10880 Gbgs Universitet _direkt 07-04-10 11.52 Sida 260 Sweden from the 1880s until the foundation of the Swedish comprehensive school in 1962. The 1940s and 1950s were the decades of the committee and the pilot scheme. The requirements for a new content in school activity and for a new organisation were investigated and debated. The idea of a basic school was to be implemented at last.
parish catechetical meetings, that parents were performing their teaching duties, with approved results. This early popular education was based on the double principle of the family head's duty to instruct and the clerical officials’ duty to examine. To be able to read and to know one's catechism became required previous knowledge for preparation for confirmation and first Holy Communion, and this in turn was a condition for being accepted into the adult community (Johansson 1995). The system proved to be effective. As early as the 18th century Swedes were a reading people, as were their Nordic neighbours. Parents’ obligation to instruct became an important family matter, which in time was to be defended when the authorities produced new regulations demanding that teaching should be managed by professional teachers. This meant that the elementary school teachers, with the support of the authorities, were obliged to wrest their professional territory from the parents and to some extent from the Church. The adoption of the 1842 Elementary School Statute implied two important decisions of principle. First, it meant that popular education assumed the character of an educational task and not a matter for the poorhouse. Secondly, popular education was to be kept entirely separate from education for the ‘public class’, that is, the form of school that was to be designated as läroverk and which corresponded most closely to the grammar school (Richardson, 1992). Folkskolan, the elementary school, was, strictly speaking, a kind of religious school during its first 75 years. Religious instruction was the most important subject. The Lutheran Church was the responsible authority, and the vicar was the principal. The 1919 curriculum for the elementary school involved considerable changes. The religious instruction was reduced by 50 per cent and social studies, mathematics and the mother tongue were given more time. The secularisation of the school system had started. Fostering for national citizenship instead of the Lutheran faith became the task of the school system. Two merge into one – Grundskolan: The Comprehensive School In time the position of the grammar school teachers was upset by the professional claims of elementary school teachers. The elementary school teachers were pressing for coordination of the separate educational systems and for a common course of studies for all children – a basic school – for the first six years of schooling. This issue dominated educational discussion in 260 Sven Hartman 10880 Gbgs Universitet _direkt 07-04-10 11.52 Sida 260 Sweden from the 1880s until the foundation of the Swedish comprehensive school in 1962. The 1940s and 1950s were the decades of the committee and the pilot scheme. The requirements for a new content in school activity and for a new organisation were investigated and debated. The idea of a basic school was to be implemented at last.
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