aniline and sulfate sodium as structure-directing templates. Techniques
X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy
(TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the structure, morphology and composition
of the nanorods. The h-WO3 nanorods are up to 5 lm in length, and 50–70 nm in diameter.