1. Introduction
Anaerobic ponds (APs) are popularly employed for
treatment of organic wastewater emanating from variety
of industries such as food, pulp and paper, sugar and
distillery. Anaerobic ponds are particularly effective in
treating high-strength wastewaters containing biodegradable
total suspended solids (TSS). In such cases the liquid
layer in anaerobic ponds act as a settling basin for the
suspended solids while the anaerobic biodegradation
primarily takes place in pond sediments (Toprak, 1994).
Anaerobic reactions taking place in the sediment include
solubilization of biodegradable particulate matter followed
by acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis
(Parker, 1979; Pescod, 1996). The reactions occurring in
the bulk liquid are often negligible as compared to those
in the pond sediments. Thus, anaerobic ponds achieve a
dual purpose of sedimentation of particulate matter as
well as anaerobic conversion of organics.
1. Introduction
Anaerobic ponds (APs) are popularly employed for
treatment of organic wastewater emanating from variety
of industries such as food, pulp and paper, sugar and
distillery. Anaerobic ponds are particularly effective in
treating high-strength wastewaters containing biodegradable
total suspended solids (TSS). In such cases the liquid
layer in anaerobic ponds act as a settling basin for the
suspended solids while the anaerobic biodegradation
primarily takes place in pond sediments (Toprak, 1994).
Anaerobic reactions taking place in the sediment include
solubilization of biodegradable particulate matter followed
by acidogenesis, acetogenesis and methanogenesis
(Parker, 1979; Pescod, 1996). The reactions occurring in
the bulk liquid are often negligible as compared to those
in the pond sediments. Thus, anaerobic ponds achieve a
dual purpose of sedimentation of particulate matter as
well as anaerobic conversion of organics.
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